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Intestinal Re-Organ-ization

But Where is the Mesentery?
But Where is the Mesentery?
 

Anyone who has taken Anatomy 101 (or at least grew up on Bill Nye the Science Guy or Ms. Frizzle’s Magic School Bus) can safely say that they have a working understanding of the body’s various systems and organs.  But just when you thought you knew the human body and have mastered every organ that there is to know…surprise!

Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology (November 2016) reports the work of Dr. J. Calvin Coffey, a study author and surgeon at the University of Limerick, Ireland, who has discovered the “newest” organ, the mesentery.  (Fun fact: The mesentery is the 79th organ.  Free massage for anyone who can name the other 78.) In truth, it was discovered (but misunderstood) years ago.   It was described in 1885 by Dr. Frederick Treves, an accomplished digestive expert, as unconnected sections of fatty membranes which anchor the intestines to the spine and keeps them in place.  Having studied the gastrointestinal system of over 100 cadavers, Dr. Treves’s word was final on matters of the gut.

More than a century later, Coffey has successfully proven that the mesentery is so much more than a disparate double sheet of connective tissue.  The mesentery is a legitimate organ, a self-contained unit which serves a specific purpose.  According to Coffey, “This organ is far from fragmented and complex.  It is simply one continuous structure,” which spans the small intestine, large intestine, and the rectum.  Furthermore, it is impossible for one to survive without the mesentery, according to Coffey.

Now that we know that the mesentery is in fact an organ, the emergent question is…What is its function?  Exploration of this question may enable advances in digestive disease treatment, such as Crohn’s Disease or Irritable Bowel Syndrome.  As we uncover the true nature of this organ, we can hopefully unlock its full potential.

Pelvic floor physical therapy is currently an evidenced based, effective, and conservative form of treatment for bowel related disorders.  These types of disorders are often accompanied by pelvic floor musculoskeletal issues which can be addressed in therapy.  Bowel massage techniques are incorporated to improve intestinal transit time.  In addition, the central nervous system may become hyper-sensitized, or upregulated, which can be addressed with relaxation training techniques in treatment.  If you or someone you know stand to benefit from pelvic floor physical therapy for bowel dysfunction, feel free to contact us at Revitalize Physical Therapy.  It would be our pleasure to answer your questions and to help in any way possible.

 

Coffey, J Calvin; O’Leary, D Peter (2016). “The mesentery: structure, function, and role in disease”. The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 1 (3): 238–247. doi:10.1016/S2468-1253(16)30026-7.

 

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Resolution Research- Is it Physically Possible?

New.Year.Resolution
Many find the end of the holiday season to be a time of reflection upon the blessings of the past year and hopes and dreams for the upcoming year.  It is also a time typically associated with New Year’s resolutions, many of which are associated with weight loss.  However, according to the Franklin Covey time management firm, a staggering thirty percent of New Year’s resolutions are abandoned by February.  Is this solely a question of will power and commitment, or is there possibly a chemical connection to failed weight loss attempts?

A recent study in Cell Metabolism (December 29, 2016) explores a possible connection between obesity and dopamine.  Most people with a medial background automatically associate dopamine with a different disease, namely Parkinson’s Disease (PD).  PD is a chronic degenerative disorder on the central nervous system which affects motor function.

Ordinarily, cells in the substantia nigra (part of the midbrain) produce dopamine, a chemical that contributes to smooth and coordinated motor control.  Individuals with PD experience substantia nigra cell death which leads to decreased dopamine production.  This in turn results in slow movement, tremors, rigidity, difficulty initiating movement, depression, anxiety, and disordered sleep.  Symptoms often begin to appear after 60-80% of the substantia nigra cells have died.

Dr. Alexxai V. Kravitz, a researcher at National Institute of Health’s National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) with a heavy background in PD research, shifted gears several years ago and began obesity research.  Over time, he was surprised to discover that obese mice demonstrate similar behaviors to mice with PD.  Up until then, it was assumed that obese mice were inactive and lethargic due to excess body fat which made it difficult to be mobile.  However, Kravitz’s observations led him to hypothesize that perhaps obese mice were inactive due to an actual chemical dopamine deficit.

Kravitz explored his question through a randomized controlled trial.  In his study, he compared a group of mice which were fed a standard diet to a group of mice which were fed unhealthy fattening foods for eighteen weeks.  As early as the second week, mice in the unhealthy group weighed more than mice in the healthy group.  Interestingly enough, mice in the unhealthy group demonstrated decreased movement and activity well before they gained the majority of their weight.

This indicated that excess body weight wasn’t the culprit responsible for decreased activity.  Rather, six different aspects of the dopamine signaling system were observed, and it was discovered that obese mice demonstrated D2 dopamine receptor dysfunction.  According to Dr. Danielle Friend, “There are probably other factors involved as well, but the deficit in D2 is sufficient to explain the lack of activity.”  In order words, decreased activity in obese mice (and possibly humans?) is more connected to a chemical imbalance than to schlepping around excess weight.

The purpose if this blog is not intended to discourage people from their lofty New Year’s resolutions, nor to excuse those who fail by blaming it on possible dopamine deficits.  Studies are yet to be performed with humans, and many questions are yet to be answered.  Rather, the purpose of this blog is to validate and inspire.  Yes, it is difficult to make dietary and physical activity improvements.  In fact, there may even be chemical components contributing to the challenge.  That being said and in response to the blog title’s question …it IS physically possible!  Try as best as you can to stick to your guns and to take it day by day.  Find a friend to be your gym buddy.  Take the extra few minutes preparing that salad rather than the quick and convenient fast food route.  Mind over matter can accomplish tremendous accomplishments.

May we find the inner strength and resolve to commit ourselves to healthier lifestyle choices, and may we be kind to ourselves when we “slip up.”  I wish all of you, my dear readers, a happy and healthy 2017 filled with abundant blessing.